Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) and endothelial cell function in angiogenesis (EPC (for endothelial progenitor cell))

Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation from pre-existing vasculature, critical for tissue repair, regeneration, and also a major driver of pathological processes such as tumor progression and atherosclerosis[1][2][3][5][7]. Endothelial cells (ECs) line blood vessels and form the structural basis for new vessel growth. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a heterogeneous group of circulating or bone marrow–derived cells that contribute to neovascularization either by differentiating into mature endothelial cells or by secreting paracrine factors that promote angiogenic responses in local tissues[2][7]. These functions are regulated by multiple growth factors and signaling pathways, notably involving VEGF-A and its receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2), as well as PDGF, SDF-1, and other cytokines and chemokines[2][5]. The precise characterization of EPCs remains controversial, with overlap between various cell surface markers (CD34, KDR/VEGFR2, CD133) and functional properties[3][7]. The interplay between ECs, EPCs, and their secreted factors is central to both healthy vascular repair and pathological angiogenesis[1][2][3][5]. Note: This entry is *not* a canonical target in the sense of drug development (like a receptor, enzyme, or transporter); it describes a complex process regulated by multiple molecular targets and cell types. For structured drug target databases, this target should be flagged for manual review and refinement.

Other names

Endothelial cell function in angiogenesisEPC-mediated angiogenesisEC/EPC angiogenesis

Inhibition or stimulation of growth factors such as VEGF and its receptors (anti-VEGF mAbs, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors); Modulation of paracrine signaling (e.g., anti-inflammatory drugs improving EPC number/function); Potential mobilization or inhibition of progenitor cells through cytokine and chemokine pathways.