Energy Substrate (Caloric Supply)

Energy substrates, in the context of caloric supply, refer to macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) that can be metabolized by living organisms to produce energy required for cellular processes. These substrates are oxidized through metabolic pathways to generate ATP, the universal energy currency of cells. The body tightly regulates substrate utilization based on availability and demand. Factors such as resting metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, and physical activity determine total daily energy expenditure.

Other names

Caloric SupplyMacronutrientsFuel for MetabolismDietary Energy Sources

Varies depending on the drug and its target. Examples include increasing insulin sensitivity (metformin), inhibiting fat absorption (lipase inhibitors), or stimulating protein synthesis (anabolic steroids).