Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium and a major serotype of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) (CDC, 2023). It is primarily known for producing Shiga toxins (Stx1 and Stx2), which are potent cytotoxins that inhibit protein synthesis in host cells by damaging the 28S ribosomal RNA (StatPearls, 2023). Infection typically occurs through the consumption of contaminated food or water, leading to symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to severe hemorrhagic colitis (Mayo Clinic, 2023). A critical complication of this infection is hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure (Tarr et al., 2005). From a therapeutic perspective, E. coli O157:H7 is a challenging target because the use of certain antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, can induce a bacterial SOS response (Lim et al., 2010). This response leads to increased replication of the bacteriophages carrying the toxin genes, thereby increasing toxin production and the risk of HUS. Consequently, treatment often focuses on supportive care and fluid replacement rather than traditional antimicrobial therapy. Research is ongoing into toxin-neutralizing antibodies and inhibitors of the bacterial Type III secretion system to prevent colonization and systemic damage.

Other names

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7EHEC O157:H7Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7STEC O157:H7

Neutralization of Shiga toxins, inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis, or inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis.