Expansion of autologous, tumor-reactive CD8-positive T lymphocyte and CD4-positive T lymphocyte populations from tumor-draining lymph node

This entry describes a strategy in cancer immunotherapy whereby autologous (patient’s own), tumor-reactive CD8-positive (cytotoxic) and CD4-positive (helper) T lymphocytes are isolated from tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), expanded ex vivo, and reinfused into the patient to enhance the adaptive immune response against cancer. Tumor-draining lymph nodes are primary sites of antigen presentation and T cell activation for tumors, harboring T cells primed to recognize tumor-specific antigens. Both CD8^+^ and CD4^+^ T cells isolated from TDLNs have shown distinct cytokine profiles and functional properties in various tumor models. Expansion of these TDLN-derived T cells aims to restore or enhance tumor-specific immunity, often in combination with cytokines (e.g., IL-2) or immune checkpoint inhibitors. While showing promise, this approach is not without risk, as TDLNs are often immunosuppressed in cancer, and T cells may exhibit dysfunction or exhaustion. Monitoring antitumor efficacy and immune toxicity is critical for clinical application.

Other names

Expansion of tumor-draining lymph node T cellsAdoptive cell therapy using TDLN-derived T cellsTumor-draining lymph node–derived T cell immunotherapy

Antigen-specific T cell expansion and activation; Adoptive immune transfer; Enhanced cytotoxicity against tumor cells; Synergy with immune checkpoint inhibition