Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) (FeLV)

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is an enveloped RNA retrovirus in the Gammaretrovirus genus that primarily infects domestic cats, causing progressive infection in susceptible individuals through integration of its proviral DNA into host cells, particularly bone marrow precursors. It replicates in lymphoid tissues and spreads systemically via viremia, leading to persistent infection characterized by high viral shedding in saliva, feces, urine, and milk. FeLV subgroups include FeLV-A (most common, causes immunosuppression), FeLV-B (recombinant, enhances tumor incidence), FeLV-C, and FeLV-T, with transmission occurring via close contact or vertically from queen to kittens. Biologically, it compromises white blood cell production, induces anemia, and promotes oncogenesis, resulting in lymphoma, leukemia, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. In progressive cases, cats face shortened lifespans due to bone marrow suppression and immune failure, though regressive infections may allow healthier outcomes with immune control. No direct antiviral drugs target FeLV; management relies on vaccination (available since 1986), testing, and supportive care to prevent spread.

Other names

FeLV-AFeLV-BFeLV-CFeLV-T