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Free Radical (Antioxidant)
- Molecular classification
- Small Molecule, Enzyme (e.g., SOD, Catalase, GPx), Vitamin (e.g., Vitamin C, Vitamin E), Mineral (e.g., Selenium), Polyphenol
01
Overview
Free radicals are molecules with unpaired electrons that are highly reactive and can cause cellular damage through oxidation. Antioxidants are molecules that can neutralize free radicals by donating electrons, preventing oxidative stress. The balance between free radical production and antioxidant defenses is critical for maintaining health and preventing disease. They are not drug targets themselves, but their levels and the systems that control them are involved in many disease processes.
- Other names
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)OxidantAntioxidant Scavenger
02
Mechanism of action
Electron/Hydrogen Donation, Metal Chelation, Synergistic Antioxidant Activity, Regulation of Gene Expression related to Antioxidant Defenses.
03
Biological functions
Cell SignalingImmune ResponseOxidationReductionNeutralization of Free RadicalsProtection against Oxidative Stress
04
Disease associations
AgingCancerCardiovascular DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus ComplicationsNeurodegenerative Disorders (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's)Autoimmune ConditionsCataractsRheumatoid ArthritisInflammation
05
Safety considerations
Pro-oxidant effects at high concentrations (e.g., Vitamin E)Potential interference with cancer therapies (e.g., antioxidant supplementation during chemotherapy/radiotherapy)Dosage-dependent effectsIndividual variability in response
06
Interacting drugs
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
6 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Malondialdehyde (MDA)8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) ActivitySuperoxide Dismutase (SOD) ActivityCatalase (CAT) ActivityTotal Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)
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