Gap junction alpha-1 protein (Connexin 43) (Cx43)

Gap junction alpha-1 protein, more commonly known as Connexin 43 (Cx43), is a critical transmembrane protein that forms gap junction channels and hemichannels, facilitating direct communication between adjacent cells. It is encoded by the GJA1 gene and is most abundantly expressed in the heart, skin, and brain, where it enables the rapid exchange of ions, metabolites, and small signaling molecules. In cardiology, Cx43 is essential for the synchronized contraction of the heart; its dysregulation or mislocalization often leads to arrhythmias and heart failure. In other tissues, such as the skin, Cx43 hemichannels play a pathological role in chronic inflammation and wound healing by releasing danger signals when overactive. Therapeutic targeting of Cx43 involves the use of mimetic peptides and small molecules to either stabilize beneficial gap junction communication or block deleterious hemichannel activity, with applications ranging from myocardial infarction and neuroinflammation to enhancing chemotherapy in breast cancer.

Other names

Connexin 43GJA1Connectin 43GJALGap junction protein alpha 1ODDD

Modulation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and inhibition of hemichannel opening to prevent the release of pro-inflammatory signals like ATP.