Glycogen synthase 1 (muscle) (GYS1)

Glycogen synthase 1 is the principal enzyme responsible for synthesizing glycogen in skeletal and cardiac muscle, catalyzing the addition of glucose units to form a polysaccharide chain using UDP-glucose as the substrate. It is tightly regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation as well as allosteric effectors such as glucose-6-phosphate, forming the central rate-limiting step of glycogen biosynthesis. Dysregulation of GYS1 activity underlies several disease processes including glycogen storage disease type 0, certain neurodegenerative diseases, and is involved in cancer progression by altering energy metabolism. Variants and abnormal regulation of GYS1 can lead to profound clinical symptoms, especially following exertion or metabolic stress.

Other names

Glycogen [starch] synthase, muscleGlycogen synthase 1 (muscle)GSYGYSGYS1_HUMANMuscle glycogen synthase

Modulation of enzymatic activity (inhibition or activation). Altering post-translational modifications (phosphorylation/dephosphorylation). Regulation of interacting protein partners (e.g., PP1 regulatory subunits, PTG).