Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) (G-CSFR)

The Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR), also known as CSF3R or CD114, is a type I cytokine receptor primarily expressed on hematopoietic cells, particularly neutrophil precursors and mature neutrophils. Its principal biological role is to regulate granulopoiesis by promoting the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of progenitor cells into functional neutrophils. In response to infection or inflammatory stimuli, endogenous G-CSF levels rise, activating the receptor to boost the innate immune response through 'emergency' granulopoiesis. Clinically, the G-CSF receptor is a major therapeutic target for managing neutropenia, particularly that induced by chemotherapy or seen in congenital disorders. Recombinant human G-CSF analogs, such as filgrastim and pegfilgrastim, act as potent agonists to restore neutrophil counts and mobilize hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. Dysregulation or mutation of the receptor is implicated in hematologic malignancies like acute myeloid leukemia and chronic neutrophilic leukemia. Emerging research also explores G-CSFR antagonists for treating inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, where neutrophils contribute to tissue damage.

Other names

Colony-stimulating factor 3 receptorCSF3RCD114G-CSF receptor

Agonist of the G-CSF receptor, inducing receptor homodimerization and activation of Janus Kinase (JAK)/STAT, Ras/MAPK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways to stimulate the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophil precursors in the bone marrow and their release into the peripheral circulation.