Growth-regulated alpha-protein (CXCL1) (CXCL1)

Growth-regulated alpha-protein, also known as CXCL1 or GRO-alpha, is a member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a pivotal role in the inflammatory response and tumor microenvironment (UniProt P09341). It is primarily produced by macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells, and it functions as a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils by binding to the CXCR2 receptor (NCBI Gene 2919). In addition to its role in recruiting immune cells to sites of injury or infection, CXCL1 is involved in processes such as angiogenesis, wound healing, and cell proliferation (PubMed PMID: 30107144). In the context of oncology, CXCL1 is often overexpressed in various malignancies, including melanoma and breast cancer, where it contributes to tumor growth, metastasis, and the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PubMed PMID: 25614323). Therapeutic strategies targeting the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis are currently being explored for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases and solid tumors. Most pharmacological interventions involve small molecule antagonists of the CXCR2 receptor, such as Reparixin and Navarixin, although monoclonal antibodies targeting the ligand itself are also under investigation (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02370238).

Other names

GRO-alphaGRO1Melanoma growth-stimulatory activityMGSANeutrophil-activating protein 3NAP-3C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1

Antagonism of CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors to inhibit CXCL1-mediated signaling and neutrophil recruitment; Neutralization of the CXCL1 ligand by monoclonal antibodies.