Gs protein alpha-subunit (also known specifically as "Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha") (Gsα)

The Gs protein alpha-subunit is a key component of heterotrimeric G proteins, responsible for relaying signals from activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to intracellular effectors. Upon ligand-induced activation of a GPCR, Gsα exchanges GDP for GTP, dissociates from the Gβγ dimer, and interacts with adenylyl cyclase to stimulate cAMP synthesis. This increase in intracellular cAMP leads to activation of protein kinase A and other downstream signaling cascades affecting a broad range of cellular processes. Gsα is the founding member of the stimulatory G protein alpha subunits and plays essential roles in cell physiology, hormone response, neurotransmission, and development. Mutations in its encoding gene, GNAS, can lead to constitutive activation, resulting in multiple disease states including cancers and endocrine disorders.

Other names

Gs alpha subunitG alpha sGNAS (gene encoding the human protein)GαsStimulatory G protein alpha subunitGsα

Drugs do not directly bind Gsα but alter its activity by modulating GPCRs. Upon receptor activation, Gsα exchanges GDP for GTP, dissociates, and activates adenylyl cyclase (increasing cAMP production)