Hazelnut allergen (Corylus avellana)

Hazelnut allergens are a group of proteins derived from the common hazel (Corylus avellana) that are responsible for triggering IgE-mediated allergic reactions in sensitized individuals. These proteins are categorized into several families based on their structure and function, including pathogenesis-related proteins (Cor a 1), seed storage proteins (Cor a 9, Cor a 11, Cor a 14), and lipid transfer proteins (Cor a 8). While Cor a 1 is often associated with mild symptoms like Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS) due to cross-reactivity with birch pollen, the heat-stable storage proteins Cor a 9 and Cor a 14 are significant markers for severe systemic reactions and anaphylaxis. In a therapeutic context, these allergens are the primary targets of oral immunotherapy (OIT), which aims to desensitize the patient's immune system through gradual exposure to increasing doses of the allergen extract. Although OIT can successfully increase the threshold for allergic reactions, it carries a risk of treatment-induced anaphylaxis and typically does not provide cross-protection against other tree nuts.

Other names

Cor a 1Cor a 8Cor a 9Cor a 11Cor a 14Corylus avellana allergenHazelnut storage proteinCor a 2Cor a 12Cor a 13