Head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis)

The head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) is an obligate ectoparasite of humans responsible for infestation known as pediculosis capitis. Its eggs, known as nits, are cemented to hair shafts close to the scalp. Head lice feed exclusively on human blood and require frequent feeding to survive, with adults living up to 30 days on a host. Treatment involves physical removal and/or topical insecticides, but increasing resistance to neurotoxic agents is a challenge. The organism itself is not a molecular target but a clinical target for eradication in public health and medicine.

Other names

Head liceNitPediculus humanus capitisHead louseLouse eggCapitis louseHuman head louse

Neurotoxic effects disrupting ion channels in the louse (e.g., permethrin affects sodium channels). Paralytic or suffocating effects (e.g., dimethicone physically coats and immobilizes lice).