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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Hemagglutinin (Influenza virus) (HA)
- Target
- HA
- Molecular classification
- Viral surface glycoprotein, Fusion protein, Receptor
01
Overview
Hemagglutinin (HA) is the most abundant glycoprotein on the surface of influenza viruses and plays a central role in viral infectivity. It is a homotrimeric, class I fusion protein that mediates both attachment to host cells and membrane fusion, enabling viral entry. HA binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the surface of target cells and facilitates fusion between the viral envelope and host endosomal membrane upon exposure to low pH. It is the primary target for neutralizing antibodies generated by infection or vaccination.
- Other names
- Influenza HemagglutininHA proteinHemagglutinin glycoprotein
02
Mechanism of action
Vaccines elicit anti-HA antibody responses; experimental therapeutics aim to block HA-mediated binding or fusion.
03
Biological functions
Viral attachmentMembrane fusionReceptor bindingImmune response
04
Disease associations
Infection
05
Safety considerations
Antigenic variability (drift/shift) leading to vaccine mismatchPotential for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) with some anti-HA antibodiesEliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies remains a challenge
06
Interacting drugs
Anti-influenza antibodies
2 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
HA sequence variations (antigenic drift/shift)Anti-HA antibody titers
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