Herpes simplex virus type 1 (oncolytic) (oHSV-1 (or oHSV, when referring to the platform generally))

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus therapy utilizes modified HSV, typically HSV-1, for direct tumor cell lysis and induction of anti-tumor immune responses. The virus is engineered to preferentially replicate in cancer cells—often through deletion of virulence genes or insertion of immune-stimulating factors—triggering lytic cell death and the release of tumor antigens that prime immune responses[1][2][4]. Anti-HSV antivirals like acyclovir can be used as an added safety measure. FDA-approved agents such as talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) are examples of this approach, notably for advanced melanoma.

Other names

oncolytic herpes simplex virusoHSVherpes simplex virus-mediated oncolytic therapyHSV-mediated oncolytic virotherapy

- Selective infection and lysis of tumor cells (oncolysis) - Stimulation of anti-tumor immune response via release of tumor-associated and viral antigens - Induction of immunogenic cell death and maturation of dendritic cells - Enhanced antigen presentation leading to T cell activation