Histone deacetylase 1, 2, 3, and 11 (HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC11)

Histone deacetylases 1, 2, 3, and 11 are nuclear enzymes in the HDAC family that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues, playing a central role in the repression of gene transcription through chromatin condensation. HDAC1, 2, and 3 share high sequence homology and are found primarily in multi-protein complexes regulating gene silencing, cell cycle progression, and cellular differentiation. HDAC11, the only member of class IV, has functions distinct from other classes and has been implicated in immune regulation and mRNA splicing. Dysregulation of these enzymes is associated with oncogenesis and other disease states; thus, their inhibition is a key focus in epigenetic therapy development.

Other names

HDACsRPD3-like proteins (HDAC1/2/3)Class I and Class IV HDACs

Inhibition of histone deacetylation, leading to increased acetylation of histones and relaxation of chromatin structure, facilitating gene expression. Modulation of non-histone protein acetylation affecting stability, localization, and function of transcription factors and other cellular proteins.