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Target intelligence / Profile preview
HIV-1 Gag polyprotein (group-specific antigen precursor) (Gag)
- Target
- Gag
- Molecular classification
- Structural polyprotein (viral protein), Composed of multiple domains: matrix protein (MA, p17), capsid protein (CA, p24), nucleocapsid protein (NC, p7), p6, spacer peptides SP1 (p2) and SP2 (p1), Other: Not a host receptor, enzyme, transporter, or transcription factor. It is a viral structural precursor.
01
Overview
The HIV-1 Gag polyprotein (group-specific antigen precursor) is a multidomain structural protein essential for the assembly, budding, and release of HIV-1 particles. It is synthesized as a 55 kDa precursor in the cytoplasm of infected cells and consists of matrix (MA), capsid (CA), nucleocapsid (NC), p6, and spacer peptides SP1 and SP2. Gag directs membrane binding, multimerization, RNA encapsidation, and recruitment of host cell machinery (ESCRT) for particle release. Its cleavage by the viral protease during HIV maturation is required for producing infectious virions. Inhibitors targeting Gag processing are in development as antiviral therapies. The p24 capsid protein derived from Gag serves as a diagnostic biomarker for HIV infection.
- Other names
- GagHIV-1 GagPr55^Gag^Group-specific antigen precursorGag polyprotein
02
Mechanism of action
Inhibition of Gag cleavage by HIV-1 protease: blocks formation of mature, infectious virions Disruption of Gag multimerization or lattice formation Prevention of assembly or budding
03
Biological functions
Virus assemblyBuddingRelease of infectious particlesGenomic RNA encapsidationProtein multimerizationMembrane targetingRecruitment of host cell machinery (ESCRT) for budding
04
Disease associations
Infection (HIV/AIDS)Indispensable for HIV-1 replication and virion productionPotential roles in immune activation as an antigen (used in vaccine studies)
05
Safety considerations
Resistance development to maturation inhibitorsPossible off-target effects from host-viral protein interactionsChallenges in drug delivery and specificity due to intracellular localization and viral protein variability
06
Interacting drugs
Maturation inhibitors (e.g., bevirimat, GSK-2838232)
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
p24 (capsid protein, from Gag cleavage) is a key biomarker for HIV infection used in diagnosticsDetection of anti-Gag antibodies (immune response biomarker)Viral load (partly reflects Gag activity)
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