Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hASC) (hASC)

Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) are multipotent stromal cells primarily isolated from adipose tissue through minimally invasive procedures like liposuction [5, 8]. They are defined by their ability to adhere to plastic, differentiate into mesodermal lineages such as fat, bone, and cartilage, and express a specific set of surface markers including CD73, CD90, and CD105 [12, 13]. The primary biological function of hASCs involves tissue repair and regeneration, mediated largely through the secretion of paracrine factors such as growth factors, cytokines, and exosomes [1, 5]. These secretomes promote angiogenesis, inhibit apoptosis, and modulate the immune system by suppressing pro-inflammatory cells like T-cells and macrophages [1, 2]. Clinically, hASCs are utilized as therapeutic agents rather than traditional drug targets, showing promise in treating osteoarthritis, autoimmune disorders, and chronic wounds [7, 11, 15]. However, their interaction with the tumor microenvironment is complex, as they can potentially promote cancer progression through pro-angiogenic signaling [1, 10]. Safety concerns include the risk of unwanted differentiation, genetic instability during ex vivo expansion, and the potential for embolic events if administered intravenously [6, 11, 14].

Other names

Adipose-derived stem cellADSCASCAdipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cellhaMSCAdipose-derived stromal cell

Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) primarily function through paracrine signaling, secreting a wide array of bioactive molecules such as VEGF, HGF, and IL-10 to promote tissue repair and modulate immune responses [1, 5, 8]. They also exhibit the capacity to differentiate into specific cell types to replace damaged tissue and utilize direct cell-cell interactions to suppress the activation of pro-inflammatory immune cells [2, 11].