Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) (HIV-1 Env)

The Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is a trimeric complex on the surface of HIV-1 virions, synthesized as a precursor glycoprotein (gp160) that is cleaved into two noncovalently associated subunits: gp120 (surface unit) and gp41 (transmembrane unit)[1][2][3][6]. Env mediates viral attachment and entry by binding to the CD4 receptor and a chemokine co-receptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) on host cells, triggering a conformational change that facilitates fusion of the viral and cellular membranes[6][7]. Its high degree of variation and glycan shielding allow the virus to evade neutralizing antibodies, making it a major focus for both vaccine and therapeutic development[2][5][7].

Other names

gp160gp120/gp41 complexHIV-1 glycoprotein 160HIV-1 gp120HIV-1 gp41

Inhibition of membrane fusion (fusion inhibitors such as enfuvirtide) Neutralization of viral entry by blocking receptor or co-receptor binding (antibodies)