Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteome (HIV-1 proteome) (HIV-1 proteome)

The Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteome consists of the full array of proteins encoded by the viral genome, which are synthesized as polyprotein precursors (Gag, Pol, and Env) or as individual regulatory and accessory proteins (Tat, Rev, Nef, Vif, Vpr, and Vpu) (UniProt, 2024). These proteins are indispensable for the viral life cycle, facilitating processes such as host cell attachment, membrane fusion, reverse transcription of viral RNA, integration into the host genome, and the maturation of progeny virions (NIH, 2023). While the proteome as a whole is not a single therapeutic target, its constituent enzymes—Protease, Reverse Transcriptase, and Integrase—serve as the primary targets for modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) (PubMed, 2022). Effective inhibition of these proteins suppresses viral replication to undetectable levels, preventing the progression to AIDS and reducing transmission. However, the high mutation rate of HIV-1 frequently leads to the emergence of drug-resistant variants within the proteome, necessitating the use of combination regimens and the continuous development of new drug classes (StatPearls, 2023).

Other names

HIV-1 viral proteinsHIV-1 protein complementHIV-1 polyproteins

Inhibition of viral enzymes (protease, reverse transcriptase, integrase), blocking of viral entry and fusion, and disruption of capsid assembly/disassembly.