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Immune System (Allergen-Specific Desensitization) (N/A)
- Target
- N/A
- Molecular classification
- Immune pathways, Cellular components (Tregs), Humoral factors (antibody class switching)
01
Overview
Allergen-specific desensitization is a therapeutic approach that aims to reprogram the immune system to tolerate specific allergens. It involves administering gradually increasing doses of the allergen to shift the immune response from a Th2-dominated, IgE-mediated allergic reaction to a more tolerant state characterized by increased regulatory T cells and IgG4/IgA antibody production. This process ultimately reduces or eliminates allergy symptoms and can provide long-term tolerance.
- Other names
- Allergen ImmunotherapyHyposensitizationDesensitization Therapy
02
Mechanism of action
Induction of immune tolerance to specific allergens through gradual exposure, leading to decreased IgE production, increased IgG4/IgA production, and increased regulatory T cell activity.
03
Biological functions
Immune response modulationTolerance inductionSuppression of allergic reactionsRegulation of IgE productionRegulation of T cell populations
04
Disease associations
Allergic rhinitisAllergic conjunctivitisAsthmaInsect venom allergyFood allergy
05
Safety considerations
Anaphylaxis (risk with SCIT and OIT)Local reactions (itching, swelling)Exacerbation of allergic symptomsEosinophilic esophagitis (with OIT)
06
Interacting drugs
Allergen extracts (SCIT, SLIT, OIT)
1 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Allergen-specific IgE levelsAllergen-specific IgG4 levelsRegulatory T cell (Treg) frequencyCytokine production (IL-10, TGF-β)
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