Immune System (Allergic Response)

The allergic response is a hypersensitive reaction of the immune system to substances (allergens) that are typically harmless to most people. This overreaction is mediated primarily by IgE antibodies, mast cells, and basophils, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators and a range of symptoms from mild irritation to life-threatening anaphylaxis. The process involves sensitization to an allergen, followed by activation upon re-exposure, and an effector phase where inflammatory mediators are released.

Other names

Allergic ReactionHypersensitivity ReactionType I Hypersensitivity

Varies depending on the specific drug. Antihistamines block histamine receptors. Corticosteroids reduce inflammation. Epinephrine reverses anaphylaxis by constricting blood vessels and opening airways. Omalizumab binds to IgE, preventing it from binding to mast cells and basophils. Allergen immunotherapy gradually desensitizes the immune system to specific allergens.