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Immune System (Immunologic Cytotoxicity)

Molecular classification: Immune process, Cellular process

Overview

Immunologic cytotoxicity refers to the process by which the immune system destroys or damages foreign, infected, or abnormal cells. This phenomenon is mediated by immunologically active effector cells and can occur through several mechanisms involving both cellular and humoral components of the immune response. Key mechanisms include cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CTLs, NK cells) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).

Other names: Cell-Mediated CytotoxicityAntibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Mechanism of action

Varied; includes induction of apoptosis via perforin/granzymes, Fas Ligand, and ADCC.

Biological functions

Host defenseElimination of virus-infected cellsElimination of transformed/tumorigenic cellsTissue homeostasisPrevention of spread of intracellular pathogens

Disease associations

Autoimmune diseasesImmunodeficiencyCancerViral Infections

Safety considerations

Off-target effects leading to autoimmune reactionsCytokine release syndrome

Interacting drugs

CAR-T therapy

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