Immune System (modulation via exposure to specific allergens)

The immune system can be modulated by exposure to specific allergens, which are typically harmless substances that trigger an exaggerated immune response in susceptible individuals. This process is central to the development and management of allergic diseases, where the immune system's recognition and reaction to these allergens can be altered through various mechanisms, including immunotherapy and controlled allergen exposure. Controlled exposure to allergens aims to shift the immune response from a pathogenic Th2/IgE-dominated profile toward a more regulated or tolerant state, often involving increased regulatory T cell activity or IgG4 production.

Other names

Allergen ImmunotherapyAllergen-specific immunotherapySubcutaneous immunotherapySublingual immunotherapy

Gradual exposure to increasing doses of specific allergens to induce immune tolerance. This involves shifting the immune response from a Th2/IgE-dominated profile to a more regulated state, often involving increased regulatory T cell activity or IgG4 production. Mechanisms include: altered cytokine production, induction of Tregs, B cell isotype switching, and reduced mast cell and basophil reactivity.