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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Immune System Stimulation via Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) (BCG)
- Target
- BCG
- Molecular classification
- Live attenuated bacterial vaccine, Immunostimulant, Bacterial product
01
Overview
Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated bacterial vaccine that acts as a potent immunostimulant. It activates both innate and adaptive immune responses through interactions with various immune cell receptors and pathways. This includes activation of macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, MINCLE, Mannose receptor, NOD2, CR3, and DC-SIGN. This leads to cytokine release (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12p40), antigen presentation, and T-cell activation (Th1, Th17, CD8+). BCG also induces trained immunity, enhancing future responses to pathogens. Clinically, it is used in TB prevention and bladder cancer therapy, and is being investigated for other infectious diseases.
- Other names
- Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–GuérinBCG vaccineBCG immunotherapy
02
Mechanism of action
PRR-mediated activation leading to robust innate/adaptive immune responses.
03
Biological functions
Immune responseInnate immunity activationAdaptive immunity activationTh1 response inductionTh17 response modulationCytokine productionAntigen presentationTrained immunity inductionCross-protection against pathogens
04
Disease associations
Tuberculosis preventionBladder cancer therapyPotential therapeutic agent for other infectious diseases
05
Safety considerations
Injection site reactionsDisseminated BCG infection in immunocompromised individualsPotential for autoimmune reactionsAdverse events related to cytokine storm
06
Biomarkers
IFN-gamma levelsTNF-alpha levelsIL-12p40 levelsAnti-mycobacterial antibody titers
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