Intelectin-1 (Lactoferrin receptor) (ITLN1)

Host lactoferrin receptors, primarily Intelectin-1 (ITLN1) and Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), are cell surface proteins that mediate the diverse biological effects of lactoferrin, a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein (UniProt Q8WWA0, PubMed: 21933898). These receptors are expressed in various tissues, including the intestinal epithelium, liver, and immune cells, where they facilitate lactoferrin uptake and signal transduction. In the gut, ITLN1 is crucial for lactoferrin-mediated iron absorption, particularly in neonates, and plays a significant role in mucosal immunity by recognizing microbial glycans (PubMed: 16306324). Beyond iron transport, these receptors are involved in anti-inflammatory pathways, cell growth regulation, and host defense against pathogens. Therapeutic interest focuses on using lactoferrin or its derivatives, such as Talactoferrin alfa, to target these receptors for treating infections, chronic inflammation, and certain cancers (PubMed: 22403378). Additionally, LRP1 acts as a scavenger receptor that internalizes lactoferrin-pathogen complexes, while ITLN1 (as soluble Omentin-1) serves as an adipokine regulating insulin sensitivity.

Other names

Omentin-1LFRHLFRIntestinal lactoferrin receptorITLNOmentinEndothelial lectin HL-1Galactofuranose-binding lectin

Binding of lactoferrin to the receptor facilitates its internalization via endocytosis for iron delivery or activates intracellular signaling cascades, such as the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways, to modulate immune cell activity and cytokine production.