Interferon gamma receptor (IFNGR) and Interleukin receptors (various; e.g., Interleukin-12 receptor) (IFNGR (for Interferon gamma receptor); IL-12R, IL-6R, IL-15R, IL-18R (for Interleukin receptors))

The **Interleukin and Interferon gamma pathways** encompass a network of cytokine-mediated signaling processes central to inflammation and immune system regulation. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a key type II interferon produced mainly by activated T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells that acts via its receptor (IFNGR1/2), activating the JAK-STAT pathway and inducing expressions of inflammatory and immune-related genes. Interleukins such as IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 are the major cytokines that prime and stimulate IFN-γ production and signaling, often sharing downstream transcriptional response elements and pathways (notably the JAK-STAT axis). These pathways regulate host defense against pathogens, control cell proliferation and apoptosis, and are targeted both in autoimmune/inflammatory diseases and in cancer immunotherapy. They are not a single molecular target, but rather a group of signaling modules integrating receptor-cytokine interactions, transcriptional regulation, and effector functions in immunity and disease.

Other names

IFN-γ pathwayInterleukin pathwayIL-12 signalingIFNGR signalingJAK-STAT pathway (for downstream mechanism)

Cytokine/receptor binding and activation of JAK-STAT signaling cascade Upregulation/downregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) Modulation of cell-mediated immunity and inflammation