Interleukin-10 (IL-10) (IL-10)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pivotal anti-inflammatory cytokine that serves as a master regulator of the immune response, primarily by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (UniProt P22301). It is produced by various immune cells, most notably a specialized subset of regulatory B cells (Bregs) characterized by the expression of CD5, which are essential for maintaining peripheral tolerance and preventing autoimmunity (Mauri & Bosma, 2012). The IL-10 pathway signals through a heterotetrameric receptor complex consisting of IL-10RA and IL-10RB, activating the JAK1-STAT3 signaling cascade to suppress the activity of macrophages and dendritic cells (Ouyang & O'Garra, 2019). Dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in numerous conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and various cancers where IL-10 can facilitate immune evasion. Therapeutic approaches include the use of recombinant IL-10 (Ilodecakin) or its pegylated form (Pegilodecakin) to treat chronic inflammation or modulate the tumor microenvironment, respectively (Naing et al., 2018). However, targeting this pathway is challenging due to the risk of systemic immunosuppression and the complex, context-dependent roles of IL-10 in different tissues.

Other names

CD5+ IL-10-producing regulatory B cellsIL-10 pathwayCytokine synthesis inhibitory factorCSIFB10 cellsB-cell-derived T-cell growth factorTGIF

Interleukin-10 receptor agonism to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production or Interleukin-10 antagonism to enhance anti-tumor immune responses.