Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) (lncRNA)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse class of non-protein-coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that play critical roles in regulating gene expression in cardiac cells, particularly through epigenetic mechanisms such as chromatin modification, histone methylation, and interactions with transcription factors or microRNAs. They are classified by genomic location (e.g., intergenic, antisense, enhancer-associated) or function (e.g., decoy, guide, scaffold), influencing cardiac homeostasis and pathological remodeling. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure, specific lncRNAs like Mhrt, Chast, and HOTAIR are dysregulated: Mhrt protects against hypertrophy by counteracting Brg1-HDAC repressor complexes at the MYH7 locus, while others like Chrf promote hypertrophy by sponging miRNAs such as miR-489. LncRNA expression profiles distinguish failing hearts from healthy ones and respond to interventions like LV assist devices, highlighting their potential as dynamic markers of disease progression and reverse remodeling. Although no approved drugs directly target lncRNAs, their conserved roles and tissue-specificity position them as promising therapeutic targets for modulating hypertrophic pathways without broad off-target effects.

Other names

LncRNAnon-coding RNAncRNA