Lutein (and Zeaxanthin)

Lutein and zeaxanthin are xanthophyll carotenoids that accumulate in the macula and retina, particularly in a region responsible for high-acuity vision. They act as potent antioxidants and filter short-wavelength (especially blue) light, thereby reducing oxidative and photo-induced retinal damage. Their presence is hypothesized to protect against age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and other retinal diseases. Lutein and zeaxanthin cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained from the diet. While promising as preventive nutrients for retinal health, they are not conventional drug targets such as receptors or enzymes, but rather function as biological pigments that support retinal integrity.

Other names

Xanthophyll pigmentsMacular pigmentLuteolCarotenoids

As supplements, lutein and zeaxanthin function via direct antioxidant activity and absorption of short-wavelength (blue) light to reduce photochemical and oxidative retinal damage.