Major capsid protein L1 of human papillomavirus (type-specific, e.g., HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-6, HPV-11) (L1)

The major capsid protein L1 is the principal structural protein of the human papillomavirus (HPV) and forms the outer shell of the virus, assembling into pentameric capsomeres that further build the icosahedral capsid[1][2][3]. L1 is highly conserved among papillomaviruses, is essential for viral genome encapsidation and stability, and contains major neutralizing epitopes targeted by antibodies that prevent infection[1][3][4]. Recombinant L1 can self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), which are non-infectious but highly immunogenic and serve as the basis for prophylactic HPV vaccines such as Gardasil and Cervarix[2][3][5]. These proteins are not enzymes, receptors, or classical host drug targets but are considered therapeutic targets in the context of vaccine design, where eliciting an antibody response neutralizes the virus and prevents HPV-related diseases, including genital warts and cancers associated with HPV infection[2][3][5].

Other names

HPV L1 proteinPapillomavirus major capsid protein L1L1 capsid proteinL1 major late protein

Induces production of neutralizing antibodies against HPV via virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccination Prevents infection by blocking viral entry into host cells