Milk proteins (Caseins and Whey proteins)

Caseins and whey proteins represent the two primary protein fractions found in mammalian milk, particularly bovine milk. Caseins, which include alpha-s1, alpha-s2, beta, and kappa variants, are phosphoproteins that aggregate into micelles to facilitate the transport of calcium and phosphate to the neonate (UniProt P02662, P02666). Whey proteins, such as beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin, are globular proteins involved in lactose synthesis and provide various immunomodulatory and antimicrobial benefits (UniProt P02754, P00711). Clinically, these proteins are significant as the primary triggers for Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA), an IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated immune response that can lead to gastrointestinal distress, skin reactions, or life-threatening anaphylaxis (PMID: 24703932). While not traditional drug targets, they are the focus of therapeutic strategies such as oral immunotherapy (OIT) and the use of monoclonal antibodies like Omalizumab to increase the threshold of allergic reactivity (StatPearls NBK537019). In addition to their role in allergy, specific components like lactoferrin are investigated for their potential as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents.

Other names

Bovine milk proteinsCaseinatesWhey protein concentrateCMPA allergens

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (desensitization) and IgE-mediated immune response modulation.