Monkeypox virus envelope membrane protein M1R (M1R) (M1R)

The Monkeypox virus envelope membrane protein M1R (M1R) is a highly conserved, essential component of the mature virion (MV) envelope [1]. As the homolog of the Vaccinia virus L1R protein, M1R is a member of the entry fusion complex (EFC) and is critical for the fusion of the viral membrane with the host cell membrane, a prerequisite for the delivery of the viral genome into the cytoplasm [2]. Because of its vital role in the infection process and its accessibility on the virion surface, M1R is a primary target for the host's neutralizing antibody response [3]. It is a key immunogen in current poxvirus vaccines, such as JYNNEOS and ACAM2000, which elicit antibodies that block viral entry [4]. Furthermore, M1R is extensively used as a diagnostic biomarker in serological assays to confirm Mpox infection or assess vaccine-induced immunity [5]. Research into monoclonal antibodies targeting M1R continues to be a priority for developing post-exposure therapeutics and prophylactic agents against Mpox and other Orthopoxviruses [6].

Other names

M1 proteinM1R antigenL1R homologMonkeypox virus M1Envelope membrane protein M1R

Neutralizing antibodies (induced by vaccines or administered as therapy) bind to the M1R protein on the mature virion surface, sterically hindering its ability to mediate fusion between the viral envelope and the host cell plasma membrane or endosomal membrane.