Multiple cellular macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins)

This target designation refers to the collective group of intracellular components, including genomic DNA, various RNA species, and essential enzymes, that are disrupted by chemotherapeutic agents delivered via Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) or Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy (HAIC) [1][2]. These locoregional therapies are primarily employed in the management of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver-dominant metastatic disease. The drugs typically used in these procedures, such as cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and doxorubicin, exert their cytotoxic effects by forming DNA adducts, inhibiting nucleotide synthesis, or interfering with DNA-template functions like transcription and replication [3][4]. By delivering high concentrations of these agents directly into the hepatic artery, TACE and HAIC maximize the damage to these cellular macromolecules within the tumor microenvironment while limiting systemic toxicity [1][5]. Consequently, the therapeutic effect is achieved through the simultaneous disruption of multiple pathways required for tumor cell survival, proliferation, and metabolic maintenance.

Other names

Cellular DNACellular RNANuclear and cytoplasmic proteinsTargets of locoregional chemotherapy

DNA cross-linking, inhibition of thymidylate synthase, DNA intercalation, inhibition of topoisomerase II, and induction of oxidative stress.