NAD+ Synthesis Pathway

The NAD+ synthesis pathway encompasses the biochemical reactions responsible for producing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a crucial coenzyme involved in redox reactions, energy metabolism, and cellular signaling. NAD+ is synthesized via the de novo pathway from tryptophan and through salvage pathways that recycle nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, or nicotinamide riboside. Key enzymes include QPRT, NAMPT, NAPRT, NRK1/2, NMNATs, and NADS. NAD+ serves as a substrate for sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38/157 ectoenzymes, playing a vital role in various biological processes. Dysregulation of NAD+ levels is implicated in aging and disease, making it a potential therapeutic target.

Modulation of NAD+ levels through inhibition or activation of key enzymes in the de novo or salvage pathways. Indirectly affects downstream targets like sirtuins and PARPs.