NTRK1, NTRK2, NTRK3, ROS1, ALK (TRK/ROS1/ALK)

NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 encode the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases TRK A, B, and C, which are activated by neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT4). These receptors facilitate neuronal survival, differentiation, and maintenance, and their aberrant activation—mainly through gene fusions—constitutes a potent oncogenic driver across numerous cancer types. ROS1 and ALK are similarly receptor tyrosine kinases involved in signal transduction, with fusion events in these genes promoting unchecked growth and tumorigenesis, especially notable in non-small cell lung cancer. Drugs targeting these kinases have shown high efficacy in patients with corresponding gene fusions, and ongoing research continues to refine patient selection and overcome therapeutic resistance.

Other names

TrkATRKATRK A receptorTrkBTRKBTRK B receptorTrkCTRKCTRK C receptorc-rosc-ros oncogene 1ALK receptorALK tyrosine kinase

Small molecule inhibitors targeting the constitutively active kinase domains, blocking signal transduction and cellular proliferation. Competitive ATP inhibition within the tyrosine kinase domain (main mechanism for all listed drugs).