Nucleophosmin 1 mutant peptide–HLA-A*02:01 complex (NPM1mut–HLA-A*02:01 complex)

The Nucleophosmin 1 mutant peptide–HLA-A*02:01 complex forms when peptides derived from the mutated C-terminal region of nucleophosmin 1, commonly found in acute myeloid leukemia (notably in type A mutations), are presented by the HLA-A*02:01 class I major histocompatibility complex molecule on the surface of leukemia cells. This generates a neoantigen that can be recognized by CD8+ T cells, making it a promising immunotherapy target for AML patients bearing both an NPM1 mutation and the HLA-A*02:01 allele. Several studies propose exploiting this complex for peptide vaccines or adoptive T cell therapies, aiming to induce anti-leukemic immune responses. While it is not a conventional receptor or enzyme, the peptide–MHC complex is a validated immunological target structure in cancer immunotherapy.

Other names

NPM1 mutant peptide–HLA-A*02:01NPM1c+ peptide–HLA-A*02:01 complexMutant NPM1–HLA-A*02:01AML-NPM1 immunopeptide–HLA-A*02:01

Drugs or therapies targeting this complex are designed to induce or enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against leukemia cells presenting NPM1 mutant peptides in the context of HLA-A*02:01. Recognition and lysis of AML cells by engineered TCR-T cells or vaccine-induced T cells.