Parathyroid hormone receptor 1; Parathyroid hormone receptor 2 (PTH1R; PTH2R)

Parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTH1R) and parathyroid hormone receptor 2 (PTH2R) are cell surface receptors that mediate the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and related peptides, such as parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). These Class B G protein-coupled receptors are predominantly expressed in bone and kidney, where they regulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis, bone turnover, and skeletal development. PTH1R responds to both PTH and PTHrP, playing crucial roles in endocrine bone metabolism and paracrine regulation of fetal tissue development. PTH2R, on the other hand, is more selective for PTH and is less well characterized but is known to be expressed in other tissues, including the brain. Monogenic diseases caused by mutations in either receptor are studied for their insights into skeletal dysplasias, calcium disorders, and potential drug targeting. Drugs targeting these receptors are used therapeutically in osteoporosis and hypoparathyroidism, but safety concerns such as hypercalcemia and neoplasia require careful clinical monitoring.

Other names

Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptorPTH/PTHrP receptorParathyroid hormone receptor type 1Parathyroid hormone receptor type 2

Agonists stimulate G protein coupling, activating adenylyl cyclase and increasing cAMP for cell signaling; Some drugs act as inverse agonists or antagonists