Plasma membrane Ca2+-transporting ATPase (PMCA) (PMCA)

The Plasma membrane Ca2+-transporting ATPase (PMCA) is a member of the P-type ATPase family of ion pumps, primarily responsible for the active expulsion of calcium ions from the cytosol to the extracellular environment [1]. It plays a fundamental role in maintaining the steep calcium gradient across the plasma membrane, which is vital for intracellular signaling and cellular homeostasis [2]. Unlike the high-capacity sodium-calcium exchanger, PMCA has a high affinity for calcium, allowing it to precisely regulate resting calcium levels [3]. The pump is regulated by various factors, most notably calmodulin, which increases its affinity for calcium and its maximal transport rate [4]. Mutations or expression changes in PMCA isoforms are linked to several human diseases, including hereditary deafness (PMCA2), hypertension (PMCA1), and certain types of cancer where calcium signaling is hijacked [5]. Although specific clinical inhibitors or activators are limited, PMCA remains a significant target for drug discovery in cardiovascular and neurological research [6].

Other names

PMCAPlasma membrane calcium pumpATP2BCalcium-transporting ATPasePlasma membrane Ca2+-ATPaseATP2B1ATP2B2ATP2B3ATP2B4

Active transport of calcium ions from the cytosol to the extracellular space against a concentration gradient, powered by the hydrolysis of ATP [1]. Drugs typically act by inhibiting the ATPase activity or by interfering with the regulatory binding of calmodulin [4].