Plasmid DNA (pDNA) (pDNA)

Plasmid DNA (pDNA) is a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that serves as a versatile non-viral vector for delivering therapeutic genes into target cells. In gene therapy and vaccine development, pDNA is engineered to contain a promoter, the gene of interest, and a polyadenylation signal to ensure robust expression within the host (Williams, 2013, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News). Unlike viral vectors, pDNA payloads offer a lower risk of immunogenicity and genomic integration, making them a safer alternative for transient gene expression (Li & Huang, 2000, Gene Therapy). However, the therapeutic efficacy of pDNA is often hindered by its inability to cross cellular and nuclear membranes efficiently on its own. Consequently, it is typically formulated with delivery systems such as lipid nanoparticles or administered via physical methods like electroporation to enhance cellular uptake (Al-Dosari & Gao, 2009, The AAPS Journal). Once inside the nucleus, the pDNA utilizes the host's machinery to produce the encoded protein, which can then treat genetic disorders, combat cancer, or provide immunity against pathogens (Kaur et al., 2021, Vaccines).

Other names

pDNAPlasmid vectorCircular double-stranded DNANon-viral DNA vector

Plasmid DNA serves as a template for the intracellular production of a specific protein or RNA. Once delivered into the host cell nucleus, the host's transcriptional machinery produces mRNA, which is then translated into a therapeutic protein in the cytoplasm (Hardee et al., 2017, Genes).