Platelet-derived growth factor receptor; Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; Transforming growth factor beta receptor; Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (PDGFR; VEGFR; TGF-β receptor (or TGFBR); IGF-1R)

These four targets—platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-β receptor), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R)—are functionally related receptor tyrosine kinases or serine/threonine kinase receptors that mediate growth factor signaling involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, survival, migration, and differentiation. They are well-established therapeutic targets in oncology, fibrotic diseases, and other proliferative disorders. Drugs targeting these pathways are either small-molecule kinase inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies that block ligand-receptor interactions. Their upregulation or mutation is closely associated with cancer and other pathologies, and their inhibition can also be associated with significant safety risks.

Other names

platelet-derived growth factor receptorCD140vascular endothelial growth factor receptorFLT1 (VEGFR-1)KDR/FLK1 (VEGFR-2)FLT4 (VEGFR-3)transforming growth factor beta receptorTGFBRI (ALK5)TGFBRIITGFBRIIIinsulin-like growth factor 1 receptorIGFIR

Inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase activity (small molecule inhibitors); Ligand sequestration (e.g., anti-VEGF antibodies); Monoclonal antibodies blocking receptor-ligand interaction; Signaling blockade via antibody or kinase inhibition (for TGF-β receptor, inhibition of serine/threonine kinase domain).