Poliovirus receptor (CD155) (PVR)

The Poliovirus receptor (PVR), also known as CD155, is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily that serves as the essential entry point for poliovirus into host cells (UniProt P15151). It is expressed in various tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract and motor neurons, where its exploitation by the virus leads to the clinical manifestations of poliomyelitis (PubMed 28935603). In the context of infection, the virus binds to the extracellular domain of CD155 to trigger endocytosis and release its viral genome into the cytoplasm.\n\nBeyond its role in viral pathogenesis, CD155 is a critical immunomodulatory molecule that interacts with receptors such as TIGIT, CD226 (DNAM-1), and CD96 on the surface of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells (PubMed 30610204). These interactions regulate immune surveillance and self-tolerance, making CD155 a significant target in both infectious disease prevention and oncology. While vaccines prevent infection by stimulating the production of antibodies that block the virus-receptor interaction, modern immunotherapies target the CD155/TIGIT axis or utilize modified polioviruses like Lerapolturev to overcome immune evasion and treat various cancers (NIH).

Other names

CD155NECL-5Tage4PVRCluster of differentiation 155

Vaccines induce neutralizing antibodies that block viral binding to the receptor (StatPearls); checkpoint inhibitors block the interaction between CD155 and inhibitory receptors like TIGIT to enhance anti-tumor immune activity (PubMed 30610204); oncolytic viruses like Lerapolturev target CD155-expressing tumor cells to induce an immune response (PubMed 24919544).