Poliovirus type 1 (Sabin strain) antigen (PV1 (Sabin))

Sabin poliovirus type 1 antigen is the attenuated form of the Type 1 poliovirus, specifically the LSc 2ab strain, used in the production of both live-attenuated oral poliovirus vaccines (OPV) and Sabin-strain inactivated poliovirus vaccines (sIPV) [1, 11, 14]. It was developed by Albert Sabin through serial passage of the wild-type Mahoney strain in non-human cells, resulting in mutations that significantly reduce neurovirulence while preserving the ability to induce a robust immune response [4, 16]. The antigen primarily consists of the viral capsid proteins VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4, which form an icosahedral shell around the viral RNA genome [2, 8]. Upon administration, the antigen stimulates the production of neutralizing antibodies, particularly those targeting the VP1 protein, which prevent the virus from binding to the human poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155) [6, 18]. This immune response provides protection against poliomyelitis, a debilitating disease characterized by muscle weakness and paralysis [12]. Despite its success in global eradication efforts, the Sabin 1 antigen carries a rare risk of genetic reversion to a pathogenic state, which can cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) or lead to the emergence of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV) [4, 13].

Other names

Sabin 1Oral Poliovirus Vaccine type 1OPV1Sabin-IPV type 1LSc 2ab strainSabin 1 antigen

Induction of active immunity through the production of neutralizing antibodies that block viral attachment to the host cell receptor (PVR/CD155).