Prolactin receptor (PRLR) (PRLR)

The Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) is a transmembrane protein belonging to the type I cytokine receptor family that mediates the diverse biological effects of prolactin [1]. The term "prolactin- and growth factor-induced proliferative signaling" describes the synergistic activation of intracellular pathways, such as JAK2/STAT5, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK/ERK, through the interaction of PRLR with growth factor receptors like EGFR and HER2 [2]. This signaling axis is particularly significant in breast and prostate cancers, where it promotes tumor cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to apoptosis [3]. While its primary physiological role involves mammary gland development and lactation, pathological overactivation is linked to hyperprolactinemia and tumorigenesis [1,3]. Therapeutic interventions include direct PRLR antagonists like the monoclonal antibody LFA102, indirect inhibitors such as dopamine agonists that reduce ligand availability, and growth factor inhibitors like trastuzumab that disrupt the synergistic crosstalk [4]. Monitoring serum prolactin and receptor expression levels serves as a key strategy for managing diseases associated with this signaling pathway. The crosstalk between these pathways often contributes to drug resistance in HER2-positive or EGFR-driven malignancies. Consequently, targeting the PRLR component of this signaling network is an area of active investigation in oncology and endocrinology.

Other names

PRL-RLactogen receptorHPRL-RProlactin-induced signaling pathwayPRLR-EGFR crosstalk

Inhibition of the prolactin receptor or growth factor receptors to disrupt synergistic proliferative signaling cascades.