Prostaglandin Synthesis Pathway (Mucosal Protection)

The prostaglandin synthesis pathway is a critical biochemical cascade responsible for the production of prostaglandins, which are lipid autacoids derived from arachidonic acid. This pathway plays a central role in maintaining mucosal protection, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, by supporting several defense mechanisms that preserve mucosal integrity. Key enzymes include COX-1 and COX-2. Major prostaglandins involved are PGE2 and PGI2, which act through EP and IP receptors to stimulate mucus/bicarbonate secretion, increase blood flow, promote cell repair, and inhibit acid secretion. Inhibition by NSAIDs leads to increased risk of ulcers.

Other names

Gastric Prostaglandin PathwayMucosal Prostaglandin Synthesis

NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin analog that activates prostaglandin receptors.