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Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-mediated Cellular Damage (ROS)

Target: ROS
Molecular classification: Other

Overview

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules derived from oxygen that can cause cellular damage by oxidizing DNA, lipids, and proteins. ROS are involved in various physiological processes, including signaling and immune responses, but excessive levels can lead to oxidative stress, contributing to diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxidants are used to mitigate ROS-mediated damage by reducing oxidative stress.

Other names: Oxidative StressROS-mediated Damage

Mechanism of action

Antioxidants work by neutralizing ROS, thereby reducing oxidative stress and cellular damage.

Biological functions

Signal transductionApoptosisCell deathAutophagyNecrosisCell proliferationImmune response

Disease associations

CancerInflammationNeurodegenerative diseaseCardiovascular diseaseOther (e.g., aging, hearing impairment)

Safety considerations

Overuse of antioxidants can lead to pro-oxidant effects under certain conditions.

Interacting drugs

Antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E, polyphenols)

Biomarkers

Oxidative stress markers (e.g., F2-isoprostanes, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine)

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