Regulatory T cell and Effector cell (Cord blood-derived) (CB-Treg/Teff)

The phrase "Peripheral and central immune system via cord blood–derived regulatory and effector cells" refers to a therapeutic modality rather than a single molecular target, specifically focusing on the use of allogeneic regulatory T cells (Tregs) and effector cells (Coya Therapeutics, 2024). This approach is designed to modulate immune responses in both the peripheral circulation and the central nervous system to treat neurodegenerative diseases like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease (Thonhoff et al., 2022). The biological function of these cord blood-derived cells is to restore immune homeostasis by suppressing pro-inflammatory effector cells and enhancing neuroprotective regulatory signals (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04326426). In neurodegenerative conditions, the endogenous Treg population is often dysfunctional or diminished, leading to chronic neuroinflammation; this therapy aims to replenish those cells to slow disease progression. Clinical candidates like COYA 201 represent this strategy, utilizing "off-the-shelf" cord blood-derived Tregs to provide a multi-faceted immunomodulatory effect that traditional single-target drugs may lack (Coya Therapeutics, 2024). Efficacy is typically monitored through biomarkers such as FOXP3 expression and systemic cytokine levels. Safety concerns include potential infusion reactions and the theoretical risk of graft-versus-host disease, although Tregs are generally considered to have a lower risk profile than other allogeneic cell types. This cellular strategy represents a shift toward systemic immune modulation as a treatment for CNS disorders.

Other names

Cord blood-derived regulatory T cellsCB-TregsAllogeneic regulatory T cellsCOYA 201COYA 206

Modulation of the immune system by increasing regulatory T cell activity and suppressing pro-inflammatory effector cells to reduce neuroinflammation and systemic inflammation.