Reishi mushroom (*Ganoderma lucidum*)

Reishi mushroom (*Ganoderma lucidum*), also known as Lingzhi, is a medicinal fungus renowned for its immunomodulatory properties, primarily driven by bioactive polysaccharides such as beta-glucans and triterpenoids found in its cell walls.[1][2][12] These compounds interact with immune cells including macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes, enhancing innate immunity through mechanisms like increased phagocytosis, cytokine production (e.g., IL-2, TNF-α), respiratory burst activity, lysozyme levels, and alternative complement activity.[1][2][4][5][10] In various studies, dietary or supplemental reishi has boosted white blood cell counts, reduced reactive oxygen species, and improved resistance to bacterial challenges (e.g., *Aeromonas veronii* in fish models) and viral infections.[1][6] It plays a role in disease by supporting antitumor effects via immune activation, inhibiting tumor proliferation, and modulating inflammation, with evidence from animal and preliminary human studies showing benefits in cancer patients, fatigue, and immunosuppression from exercise or aging.[3][4][8][12][15] While not a traditional therapeutic target like a receptor or enzyme, reishi extracts demonstrate broad immune-balancing effects, promoting both cellular and humoral responses without overstimulating the system.[2][18] Clinical data remain limited, emphasizing the need for more robust trials to confirm efficacy and safety.[2][12]

Other names

Ganoderma lucidumLingzhiG. lucidum