Rho-associated protein kinase 1; Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK1; ROCK2)

Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) and Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) are closely related serine/threonine protein kinases that act as major effectors downstream of the small GTPase RhoA. Both isoforms regulate cytoskeleton dynamics by phosphorylating targets such as the myosin light chain, thereby modulating cell contractility, migration, adhesion, and morphology. ROCK1 and ROCK2 have overlapping but distinct tissue distribution and biological roles. They are therapeutic targets in various conditions, notably cancer, cardiovascular disease, fibrosis, and glaucoma, with several inhibitors developed for clinical or experimental use. Both kinases are involved in processes such as smooth muscle contraction, cellular motility, and apoptosis, making them central players in diseases involving abnormal cell movement, proliferation, or contractility.

Other names

Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1): ROKβP160ROCKrho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2): Rho kinase 2p150 ROK-alphap164 ROCK-2ROKalphaROCK-IIrho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2RhoA-binding serine/threonine kinase alphaRho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2

Inhibition of kinase activity, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of myosin light chain and other substrates Blocking actin cytoskeleton remodeling Reducing smooth muscle contraction and cellular contractility Reducing cell migration and invasion