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The VP8* domain is the distal portion of the rotavirus (RV) outer capsid spike protein VP4. It plays a crucial role in the initial attachment of rotavirus to host cells by binding to specific cellular receptors, thereby facilitating viral entry and infection. The interaction specificity of VP8* with host cell surface glycans determines host range, tissue tropism, and cross-species transmission. VP8* has a galectin-like fold. In some animal RVs, VP8* binds sialic acid-containing glycans, while human RVs often bind histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). Variations in glycan-binding pockets underlie differences in species susceptibility, impacting zoonotic potential. Without functional engagement between VP8* and its target receptor(s), rotavirus cannot efficiently attach or enter host cells.
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